Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development

Abstract

The incidence of post operative pulmonary infection vary according to the definition of post operative complications and the surgical site.

Aim

Main aim is to study the incidence and various risk determinants of postoperative pulmonary complications following elective abdominal surgery.

Methodology

A total of 103 patients who had an elective abdominal surgery were assessed for complications.

Results

Among 103 patients, 24.27% developed postoperative pulmonary complications. More commonly the elderly men, obese, smokers, prolonged surgery time and midline vertical incision were other determinants for developing complications.

Conclusion

Adequate preoperative evaluation of pulmonary functions can reduce pulmonary morbidity in a high risk patient undergoing an elective abdominal surgery.

Keywords

Full Text

References

Abstract

Introduction

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the common gynaecological condition of diverse etiology 30% of the infertile women have anovulation due to polycystic ovarian disease, 20-30% of them have hyperandrogenemia and hyperprolactenemia1.

Methods

An explorative type of hospital based study of 102 patient, during a 2 year period was done with 75 (73.52%) married women and 27 (26.47%) unmarried women with varied symptomatology.

Results

67.6% were in the age group 21-30 years. Ovulation induction was done in all the infertile group, an ovulation induction rate of 88.40% was achieved and of these 21 (34.42%) conceived, others on follow up. Of the unmarried women, all had menstrual irregularities along with obesity (51.85%) and hirsutism (48.14%), after treatment 66.66% had an improvement in their symptoms, other still on follow up.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the various presentations either single or in combination and their response to various medical and surgical management. There should be a rational approach to therapy, treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome should be tailored according to the major symptoms of the patients.

Full Text

References

Abstract

Introduction

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is seen in 5 - 10% of women of the reproductive age, is the most common form of anovulatory infertility.

Evidence prove that these women exhibit a characteristic dyslipidaemia non insulin dependent diabetes and cardiovascular disease in later life, which are the hallmarks of the metabolic syndrome.

Presence of 3 of 5 common cardiovascular risk factors as a criteria, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in PCOS is very high (43 - 46%).

Primary infertility cases with clinical features of menstrual irregularities, weight gain, hirsutism, acne and galactorrhea with scan picture of polycystic ovaries were considered for diagnosing PCOS cases.

Aim of the Study

Aim is to establish the relation between PCOS and metabolic syndrome.

Material and Methods

Study Design

A prospective, noninterventional case control study was conducted with 60 primary infertility patients, attending the gynaecological department, S.S. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Davangere, Karnataka.

Study population

All these patients had clinical features suggestive of PCOS, of these 30 patients with ultrasound findings of polycystic ovaries were taken as cases and the others were age matched contemporary controls.

Age group: 20 - 30 years. Duration of study: 8 months. (Dec. 2009 - July 2010)

Methodology

After a brief history, waist circumference and blood pressure was recorded, then patients were asked to come on overnight fasting for a fasting blood sugar level and lipid profile assessment.

Results

In the present study all the five parameters needed for diagnosing metabolic syndrome were raised in PCOS cases and compared to controls. Values were statistically significant by student's unpaired 't' test.

An incidence of 38% of metabolic syndrome was noted in the PCOS cases studied.

Conclusion

Women with PCOS were strongly associated with metabolic syndrome when compared with the controls.

Obesity, high triglycerides and low high  density lipoprotein levels are closely linked to insulin resistance and they are independent predictors of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular disease.

Results strongly indicate the need for comprehensive screening and education program for women of all ages with PCOS. Modification of lifestyle factors such as diet and exercise along with insulin sensitizers and lipid lowering agents can prevent long term health risks.

Full Text

References

Abstract

Introduction

Women have a right to undergo an abortion if she wishes. Medical abortion is legally accepted under the Indian law. Mifepristone and misoprostol combination offers a safe, nonsurgical alternative for pregnancy termination with good success rates.

Aims and Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluation of the clinical efficacy of the combination of mifepristone and misoprostol orally for early termination of pregnancy.

Methods

A prospective clinical study conducted during a one year period included 100 healthy pregnant women consenting for a legal abortion with an ammenorrhoea of no more than 63 days.

Results

This method had a success rate of 94%, with an average induction abortion interval between 40-50 hours, one women needed surgical curettage. No serious side effects expect for nausea was noted.

Conclusion

The combination of mifepristone and misoprostol is effective for the termination of early pregnancy in terms of success, tolerance, safety and practicality.

Full Text

References

Abstract

Background

Tongue scraping and brushing have been appreciated for hundreds of years but are still appreciated or used by the public. Scientific evidence has validated the need to practice habitual and tongue cleaning as part of daily home oral hygiene procedures.

Objective

To assess and compare the effect of tongue scraping and tongue brushing on oral Mutans streptococci level.

Methods

20 healthy subjects aged 14 to 15 years were randomly selected. Flat plastic tongue scraper and Nylon multitufted small headed tooth brush are the two tongue cleaning devise used. Unstimulated salivary samples were obtained at4 intervals from each individual. Salivary samples were inoculated on Mitis Salivary Agar Plate and Sorbital Broth was used for identification of Mutans streptococci group.

Results

Paired and unpaired 't' test were employed. Reduiction in the Mutans streptococci level from 48.4X104 CFU and 38.3X104 CFU at baseline in tongue scraping and tongue brushing group respectively to 0.34X104 and 0.39X104 CFU after 7th day.

Conclusion

Both tongue coating removal methods evaluated were efficient in reducing Mutans streptococci level. This implies that physical removal of the coating on the dorsum of the tongue is important and not the method used for the same.

Keywords

Full Text

References

Abstract

Objective

To study the knowledge & practice among Teachers regarding school health programme.

Study Design

Cross sectional study.

Material Method

The study was carried out in 8 higher primary schools in Gulbarga city, by systematic random sampling technique the schools were selected & 100 Teachers were selected for study. The pre tested proformas were given to all 100 Teachers.

Results

100 Teachers selected for our study comprised 39 males & 61 females. Weighted average score system was used to assess the knowledge of teacher regarding school health. Mean Knowledge of male Teachers was 20.7±7.14 and female Teachers 23.77±5.18 which was statistically significant. 82 Teachers were against giving sex education in school, out of which 79% of male Teachers & 84% female Teachers which is statistically insignificant.

Conclusion

Attitude of teacher is one important determinant of state of many health topics.

Keywords

Full Text

References

Abstract

Full Text

References

Abstract

Keywords

Full Text

References

Abstract

Introduction

Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality in women, especially in the developing countries, where palliative care is not greatly emphasized.

Objectives

The primary objective is to analyse the various medical, ethical and legal issues faced by terminally ill gynaecological cancer patients. The other objectives being pain assessment, overall health related quality of life, economic issues and to determine preferences regarding decision making and information disclosure to patients.

Methods

A non interventional hospital based cross-sectional survey of 100 terminallly ill patients was conducted over a period of 2 years (March 2007 - April 2009).With an informed consent, the patient is asked to complete a questionaire.

Results-Medical problems

74% of patients had intolerable pain, so deprived of sound sleep. 98% of them suffered from some form of depression. Poor educational status and poverty made these patients highly dependable on family members for financial assistance (64%). Comparatively the more elderly patients experienced an inner fear, as they were neglected or abandoned by the care takers.

Ethical problems

With good doctor-patient relationship, communication about diagnosis and management was established in 50% of cases, but majority of them (81%) were not involved in decision making, which amounts to medical negligence.

Legal problems

None of the patients were aware of their legal rights during the course of their illness

Full Text

References